Penguins of Antarctica
I've tailored this post to elementary school age children so that I can use it when teaching. This is not exhaustive as there is so much information available, but it's "good enough" for now :-P
There are 17 species of Penguins, of which 6 are found in Antarctica. These are the Adelies, Chinstraps, Emperors (now famous from the movie: March of the Penguins), Gentoos, Macronis and Rockhoppers.
Penguin’s bodies have three layers. Their top layer is waterproof feathers due to the natural oil produced by their body. Underneath that are down feathers (the soft kind that are in sleeping bags and pillows). Underneath that is a thick layer of fat (also called blubber) to keep them well insulated in cold waters. Look at an inch on a ruler and imagine fitting 70 feathers in there - that's how many Emperor Penguins have.
Quick penguin facts:
• Penguins love to swim and prefer to spend up to 75% of their time in the water.
• They can swim up to 25 mph.
• They can see better underwater. On land they are near-sighted.
• Penguins cannot fly.
• Penguins eat fish, krill, squid, and other small crustaceans.
• Some kinds of penguins can dive as far down as 1000 feet and stay underwater for as long as half an hour. (However, most penguins don’t dive so deep and stay underwater for less time.)
• Penguins porpoise. This means that as they are swimming, they can jump out of the water every few feet (this helps them breathe while in water and I’m sure it’s lots of fun).
• Penguins can also jump out of the water onto icebergs and rock ledges. (try that next time you go swimming!). This proves very handy when being chased by a predator.
• They can hop over rocks or slide on their bellies across ice and snow.
• Penguins talk to each other through verbal sounds as well as flipper flapping, bowing, gesturing and preening.
• On land, penguins walk very straight & tall, as if they are balancing a book on their head. This is because their legs are very low on their bodies.
Funny fact: Early explorers to Antarctica thought penguins were birds that flew!
Predators:
• In the sea: Whales and Seals.
• By air: sea birds steal the unhatched eggs form the nests. Large birds called Skuas really like penguin eggs.
• On land: no predators!
• This means that they are not afraid of humans. Penguins are curious creatures and may wander close to you if you can get close to them. Just don’t walk straight at them. They don’t like that.
I googled a bunch of sites but this was my favourite:
http://www.antarcticconnection.com/antarctic/wildlife/penguins/index.shtml
This site has sound on it so you can listen to sounds penguins make! Pretty neat stuff.